The package.json file is the heart of any Node.js project. It is the place where we define the project's metadata, including its name, version, description, main entry point, dependencies, and more. It is also where we define the scripts that we can run using the npm run command.

1. Open the terminal and navigate to the project folder.
2. Run the following command to create a package.json file.

npm init

3. Now you will see a series of questions in the terminal. You can press the Enter key to accept the default value for each question. The default values are shown in square brackets.

This utility will walk you through creating a package.json file.
It only covers the most common items, and tries to guess sensible defaults.
 
See `npm help init` for definitive documentation on these fields
and exactly what they do.
 
Use `npm install <pkg>` afterwards to install a package and
save it as a dependency in the package.json file.
 
Press ^C at any time to quit.
 
package name: (node-js-full-stack-tutorial)
version: (1.0.0)
description: Node.js Full Stack Tutorial
entry point: (index.js)
test command:
git repository:
keywords:
author: Subham Maity
license: (ISC)
 
Is this OK? (yes)

4. After answering all the questions, you will get a file named package.json in the project folder. The package.json file will look like this:

 
{
  "name": "node-js-full-stack-tutorial",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "Node.js Full Stack Tutorial",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
  },
  "author": "Subham Maity",
  "license": "ISC"
}

• The name field is the name of the project.
• The version field is the version of the project.
• The description field is the description of the project.
• The main field is the entry point of the project meaning the file that will be executed when we run the project.
• The scripts field is an object that contains the scripts that we can run using the npm run command.
• The author field is the name of the author of the project.
• The license field is the license of the project.

1. Open the terminal and navigate to the project folder.
2. Let's suppose we want to install colorful console so search on google colorful console and click on the first link (opens in a new tab).
3. Copy the command npm install colors and paste it in the terminal.
4. When you hit enter you will see the following changes

• Create a new folder named node_modules in the project folder.
• Create a new file named package-lock.json in the project folder.
• Update the package.json file.

{
  "name": "node-js-full-stack-tutorial",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "Node.js Full Stack Tutorial",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
  },
  "author": "Subham Maity",
  "license": "ISC",
  "dependencies": {
    "colors": "^1.4.0"
  }
}

• colors is the name of the package that we installed and ^1.4.0 is the version of the package that we installed.

Let install another package simple logs and see what happens.

npm install simple-logs

The package-lock.json file is automatically generated for any operations where npm modifies either the node_modules tree, or package.json. It describes the exact tree that was generated, such that subsequent installs are able to generate identical trees, regardless of intermediate dependency updates.

 
{
  "name": "node-js-full-stack-tutorial",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "lockfileVersion": 3,
  "requires": true,
  "packages": {
    "": {
      "name": "node-js-full-stack-tutorial",
      "version": "1.0.0",
      "license": "ISC",
      "dependencies": {
        "colors": "^1.4.0",
        "simple-logs": "^0.2.11"
      }
    },
    "node_modules/colors": {
      "version": "1.4.0",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/colors/-/colors-1.4.0.tgz",
      "integrity": "sha512-a+UqTh4kgZg/SlGvfbzDHpgRu7AAQOmmqRHJnxhRZICKFUT91brVhNNt58CMWU9PsBbv3PDCZUHbVxuDiH2mtA==",
      "engines": {
        "node": ">=0.1.90"
      }
    },
    "node_modules/simple-logs": {
      "version": "0.2.11",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/simple-logs/-/simple-logs-0.2.11.tgz",
      "integrity": "sha512-xByfJr26EY78A85FsGOHTovHrq3Tedo2bURLynhL9zHNvTo5H2X210q4HN3eY9QJVmpNMpHOBZytLVAmHgrUlg==",
      "engines": {
        "node": ">=0.6"
      }
    }
  }
}
 

To uninstall a package, you can use the npm uninstall command. For example, to uninstall the colors package, you can run the following command:

npm uninstall colors

To update a package, you can use the npm update command. For example, to update the colors package, you can run the following command:

npm update colors

To install a specific version of a package, you can use the npm install command with the @ character followed by the version number. For example, to install the colors package version 1.3.3, you can run the following command:

npm install colors@1.3.3

1. Open the index.js file and import the colors package at the top of the file like this:

 
const colors = require('colors');

2. Now let's use the colors package to print some colored text in the console. Replace the code in the index.js file with the following code:

const colors = require('colors');
 
//This will print the text in red
console.log('Hello World'.rainbow);
 
//This will print the text in blue
console.log('Hello World'.blue);
 
//This will print the text in yellow
console.log('Hello World'.yellow);
 
//This will print the text in green
console.log('Hello World'.green);
 
//This will print the text in magenta
console.log('Hello World'.magenta);
 
//This will print the text in cyan
console.log('Hello World'.cyan);
 
//This will print the text in white
console.log('Hello World'.white);
 
//This will print the text in gray
console.log('Hello World'.gray);

3. Now run the project using the following command:

npm start

4. You will see hello world printed in different colors in the console.